Examples of utility is money because it increases a person's happiness. He also believed in the phrase principle of utility which is an idea that people choose their actions based on if it increases or decreases their happiness. Bentham believed in decision theory in which of all the possible end-states, which one would we choose? As people weigh pros and cons of each outcome, people will choose the one with the most positive outcomes. To go off on Hobbes’ views, Jeremy Bentham believed people are slaves to pleasure and pain and that hedonic motivation is determined by positive or negative consequences. Our learned remembrance on whether something was pleasurable or unpleasant sets our motivation to approach that event. Thomas Hobbes’ viewed hedonic motivation as people tend to approach pleasurable/positive environmental events and avoid painful/negative environmental events, also known as incentive motivation. His take on hedonic motivation was that people have their own definitions on what is pleasurable and painful to them.Įpicurus viewed hedonic motivation as that pain and pleasure eventually even out and people learn how to do things in moderation.Īs these early views of hedonic motivation took place, later philosophers also took an interest in their own interpretations. He viewed it as a person should follow a course of action for which pleasure exceeds pain and if a person does not follow that path, it is because they do not fully understand the knowledge of the pleasure or pain that can result.ĭemocritus viewed hedonic motivation along the same lines as Socrates’, but he did not have a defining definition of what was pleasurable and what was painful besides that people enjoy pleasure and people avoid pain. Socrates was one of the first few people to start interpreting Hedonic motivation. Different views Īs the term "hedonic motivation" occurred, different types of interpretations and views also occurred as well. For example, hedonic goods are bought so that the consumer may gain pleasure and enjoyment from the good, and value experiences are also viewed as hedonic experiences. This is interesting because even though hedonic motivation incorporates the pursuit of pleasure as well as the avoidance of painful situations, the concept has been traditionally linked to the positive connotation of pleasure. The root word hedonic comes from the Greek word for “sweet”, which means relating to or characterized by pleasure. Historically, approach and avoidance motivation have been linked to the hedonic characteristics of pleasure and pain. According to the hedonic principle, our emotional experience can be thought of as a gauge that ranges from bad to good and our primary motivation is to keep the needle on the gauge as close to good as possible. This is linked to the classic motivational principle that people approach pleasure and avoid pain, and is gained from acting on certain behaviors that resulted from esthetic and emotional feelings such as: love, hate, fear, joy, etc. Hedonic motivation refers to the influence of a person's pleasure and pain receptors on their willingness to move towards a goal or away from a threat.
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